A pelvis is the structure of bones that form the lower part of the trunk of the body. It is the part of the skeleton that supports the trunk, protects the internal organs, and anchors the muscles of the trunk, legs and hips. In horses, the pelvis is made up of three bones, the ilium, ischium, and pubis, all of which are fused together.
What Causes Horses to Break Their Pelvis?
Horses can break their pelvis when they suffer a traumatic event, such as a fall or a kick, or when they are put under too much pressure during exercise. This type of injury is known as a pelvic fracture.
Types of Pelvic Fractures in Horses
Pelvic fractures in horses can be classified into four types:
- Compression fractures: These occur when a horse falls from a height and the force of the impact is transferred through the pelvis. They are usually caused by a severe twisting motion that causes the bones to break.
- Crush fractures: These occur when a horse is kicked or stepped on, or when a horse falls onto a hard surface. The force of the impact causes the bones to break.
- Flexion fractures: These occur when a horse is put under extreme pressure during exercise, such as when a rider pulls too hard on the reins or tries to make a sharp turn.
- Over-riding fractures: These occur when a horse is ridden at speed and the rider’s weight is too far forward. This causes the horse to over-ride its hind legs and the force of the impact causes the pelvis to break.
Signs of a Pelvic Fracture in Horses
If a horse has suffered a pelvic fracture, it may display the following signs:
- Painful gait
- Lameness
- Swelling or bruising of the skin
- An inability to stand or walk
- Lethargy or depression
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Loss of appetite
Diagnosis of a Pelvic Fracture in Horses
If a horse is suspected of having a pelvic fracture, a veterinarian will perform a physical examination and take x-rays of the area. This will allow the veterinarian to determine the extent of the injury and whether any internal organs have been damaged.
Treatment of a Pelvic Fracture in Horses
Treatment of a pelvic fracture will depend on the severity of the injury. In some cases, it may be possible to treat the fracture with rest and medications. However, if the fracture is severe, surgery may be required to repair the bones.
Surgery for Pelvic Fractures in Horses
Surgery for a pelvic fracture involves stabilizing the bones with plates and screws. In some cases, a fracture may require open reduction, which involves removing a portion of the bone to realign the fracture. After the fracture is repaired, the horse will be placed on a strict exercise regime to help strengthen the area and allow it to heal properly.
Recovery from Pelvic Fractures in Horses
It will take several months for a horse to recover from a pelvic fracture. During this time, the horse should be kept in a stall to allow for rest and recovery. It is important to keep the horse’s environment clean and to limit its exercise. The horse should also be monitored closely for any signs of infection or complications.
Preventing Pelvic Fractures in Horses
Pelvic fractures in horses can be prevented by taking the following precautions:
- Avoiding high-impact activities such as jumping and racing.
- Ensuring the horse is fit and healthy before taking part in strenuous activities.
- Using proper tack and equipment when riding or training.
- Ensuring the horse is properly warmed up before exercise.
- Making sure the horse is given adequate rest and recovery time.
Conclusion
Pelvic fractures in horses can be caused by traumatic events such as falls or kicks, or by too much pressure during exercise. These fractures can be very painful and can cause the horse to become lame. It is important to seek veterinary attention if a horse is suspected of having a pelvic fracture, and to take precautions to prevent such injuries from occurring.