Elevated liver enzymes, otherwise known as liver enzyme elevations, are an indication that something is wrong with the liver. This can be caused by a variety of things, such as viral infections, toxins, drug reactions, or metabolic disorders. Elevated liver enzymes can be detected through a blood test, which measures the levels of certain enzymes in the blood.
What Causes Elevated Liver Enzymes in Horses?
Elevated liver enzymes in horses can be caused by a variety of things, including:
- Viral infections – Viral infections, such as equine herpesvirus, can cause inflammation of the liver, resulting in elevated liver enzymes.
- Drug reactions – Certain drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can cause the liver to become inflamed, resulting in elevated liver enzymes.
- Toxins – Exposure to certain toxins, such as mold, can cause the liver to become inflamed, resulting in elevated liver enzymes.
- Metabolic disorders – Metabolic disorders, such as equine metabolic syndrome, can cause the liver to become inflamed, resulting in elevated liver enzymes.
What Are the Symptoms of Elevated Liver Enzymes in Horses?
The symptoms of elevated liver enzymes in horses can vary depending on the underlying cause of the liver enzyme elevation. Generally, however, the symptoms can include:
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
How Are Elevated Liver Enzymes Diagnosed in Horses?
Elevated liver enzymes in horses are typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging tests.
Physical Examination
During the physical examination, the veterinarian will inspect the horse’s skin and eyes for signs of jaundice, as well as palpate the abdomen for signs of liver enlargement or pain.
Blood Tests
Blood tests, such as a serum chemistry panel, will measure the levels of certain enzymes in the blood. Elevated levels of these enzymes can help the veterinarian determine if the liver is inflamed or damaged.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, can help the veterinarian get a better look at the liver and diagnose any underlying conditions that could be causing the elevated liver enzymes.
How Do You Treat Elevated Liver Enzymes in Horses?
Treatment for elevated liver enzymes in horses will depend on the underlying cause of the liver enzyme elevation. Generally, however, treatments can include:
- Medications – Medications, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs, can be used to treat underlying infections or inflammation.
- Dietary Changes – Changing the horse’s diet to one low in sugar and starch can help reduce the strain on the liver.
- Liver Supplements – Liver supplements, such as silymarin and methionine, can help reduce inflammation and improve liver function.
- Hepatic Diets – A special diet, known as a hepatic diet, can help reduce the strain on the liver and improve liver function.
How Can You Prevent Elevated Liver Enzymes in Horses?
There are several steps that can be taken to help prevent elevated liver enzymes in horses, including:
- Vaccinations – Vaccinating horses against common viral infections can help reduce the risk of liver inflammation.
- Regular Check-Ups – Regular veterinary check-ups can help identify any underlying conditions that might be causing the liver enzyme elevation.
- Proper Management – Proper management and care, such as providing adequate nutrition and exercise, can help reduce the strain on the liver and prevent liver enzyme elevations.
- Avoid Toxins – Avoiding exposure to toxins, such as mold or insecticides, can help reduce the risk of liver inflammation.
When Should You See a Veterinarian?
If you notice any changes in your horse’s behavior or health, such as weight loss, lethargy, or jaundice, it is important to have your horse seen by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment of elevated liver enzymes can help reduce the risk of long-term damage to the liver.
Conclusion
Elevated liver enzymes in horses can be caused by a variety of things, including viral infections, drug reactions, toxins, and metabolic disorders. Symptoms of elevated liver enzymes can include lethargy, weakness, loss of appetite, and jaundice. Treatment for elevated liver enzymes can include medications, dietary changes, liver supplements, and hepatic diets. It is important to have your horse seen by a veterinarian if you notice any changes in your horse’s behavior or health, as early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of long-term damage to the liver.